A network cable can only have one data packet in it at any
instant.
So if two or more computers want to place a data packet on to the network
at exactly the same time, then a 'data collision' will take place.
The network protocol is set up to deal with this. Basically it declares
the collided data as unusable and forces the two computers to re-send their
data packets at a slightly different time.
This is fine for a lightly loaded network with only a few computers
on-line. You will not notice the small delay caused by data collisions.
But imagine what happens when a hundred PCs are sharing the same
network and they are all wanting to send their data packets. This will most
likely result in thousands of data collisions per second - each one costing a small
amount of time. You will certainly notice the network 'slowing down'.
The clip below shows how a network SWITCH can help with this problem.
A switch has a number of
ports and it stores the addresses of all devices that are directly or
indirectly connected to it on each port.
As a data packet comes
into the switch, its destination address is examined and a direct
connection is made between the two machines.