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4. How the DPA works.
The Data Protection Act 1998 mostly came into force on 1 March 2000 and sets rules for processing personal information. It applies to some paper records as well as all those held on computer and works in two ways:
- It gives individuals certain rights
- It stipulates that those who record and use personal information must be open about how the information is used and must follow good information handling practices.
It is a legal requirement laid out in the Data Protection Act that an organisation which keeps data relating to individuals must apply for entry on the Data Protection register.
The law refers to
- Data controllers (formerly called data users) - people or organisations who decide how and why personal data, (information about identifiable, living individuals) are processed.
- Data Subjects - people whose personal data is being processed.
Data controllers must register with the Information Commissioner. The following must be registered:
- The data controller's name and address
- A description of the data being processed
- The purpose for which the information will be used.
- From whom the information was obtained.
- To whom the information will be disclosed and countries where the data may be transferred.
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