ࡱ> @U?M <bjbj== !lWWF8cl84  5(DDDDd$4444444$6 84DD4hDD4hhh.DD4h4hhf#6U172D R12240 529 ^92hDescribe the different modes of operation; batch, interactive, transaction, real-time and identify appropriate contexts for their use. Chapter 24 Describe the characteristics of processing data in the form of text, pictures, numbers and sound. Chapter 25 DIFFERENT MODES OF OPERATION Data handling systems make use of one or more processing methods, depending on the requirements of the organisation. The methods are categorised according to the ways data is controlled, stored and passed through the system; the main categories are Batch processing Real-time processing Pseudo real-time processing On-line processing, including real-time, interactive and time-sharing What types of transactions can ICT help with? (See P.131) Many organisations have to keep track of millions of transactions per day e.g. using an ATM, buying an item in a store, taking out a library book etc. (see p131) Master Files Transactions Files  EMBED Word.Picture.8  BATCH PROCESSING P132 An approach to input and processing which closely resembles manual methods of data handling Data are grouped together as source documents before being input: Once they are input they are stored as a transaction file before processing, which occurs later. (e.g. orders, payroll time-cards) - hours, weeks or months later. Can only be used for non-interactive tasks. No user on line to enter data and await output- no keyboard and screen involved. Spooling is common with batched work- spooled output saves time of the main CPU- instead of sending results straight to the printer it saves them on disc or tape.. Delays, which can be often hours or days between collecting the transactions and receiving the results. Opportunities exist for controlling accuracy. Used when immediate updating of files is not crucial The typical stages are: - Data is usually in large volumes and of identical type - customer orders, current weekly payroll details, stock issues or receipts (groups supplied in sequence at regular intervals)- computer does first job then second then third and so on).- checked with control and hash totals Data is keyed off-line, validated and stored in a transactions file. Data is verified by double entry. Discrepancies are followed up. Transactions file is transferred to main computer. Processing takes place. Master file is updated. Reports are produced  Real Time Processing Real time processing occurs when a computer responds instantly to events occurring e.g. aeroplane guidance systems. Speed of the computer allows almost immediate response to external changes e.g. temperature of gas furnace monitored and controlled by a computer. Pseudo real-time processing (p.133) Pseudo real-time processing - then a delay of a few seconds is acceptable e.g. airline booking system. INTERACTIVE (ON-LINE) TRANSACTION PROCESSING P.133 A VDU is on-line if it is under the control of the CPU. Entry of data directly into the computer as the transaction occurs rather than saving them for entry at a later date a user enters data into a running program and gets results at once, on screen and/or on the printer. Reduction in time between collection and processing of data Involves multi-access and timesharing. E.g. cashpoint machines, POS terminals Transactions Processing Clearly defined transactions one at a time - each transaction being processed completely, including updating files before next transaction dealt with - airline booking system. Information Storage and Retrieval Information is updated in real-time, number of updates and number of sources of updating relatively small. - medical records in a hospital. Time-Share Processing Aim to give each user a good response time. Commonly used where a number of users require computer time for different information processing tasks. Criteria for choosing a particular Processing Mode P133 Batch ProcessingInteractive (on Demand)Suitable for large volumes of data for which output is not required instantlyTransactions must be processed as they arise and require on-line processingSuitable for job schedulingWhere data arises irregularly but where output is required quickly.Where data is relatively small in volumeWhere data originates in different locations. Processing Different Types of Data. Chapter 25 Numbers (p.135) Computers communicate digitally in a series of 0s and 1s (called binary digits). A string of 8 binary digits corresponds to a character and is called a byte. Number Formatshttp://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/asciicode.aspASCIIAcronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, the ASCII code for uppercase M is 77. Most computers use ASCII codes to represent text, which makes it possible to transfer data from one computer to another.  Digitised sound (p.136) A sound card acts as an interface to convert analogue sound waves to digital characters that a computer can process and back again for output. The sampling rate tells you how often a digital snapshot of the sound wave is taken e.g. 44kHz. The resolution determines how accurately the amplitude can be measured.  HYPERLINK "http://computer.howstuffworks.com/sound-card3.htm" http://computer.howstuffworks.com/sound-card3.htm for a more detailed description. SoundFormats HYPERLINK "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAV.html" http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAV.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.html" http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.html WAVThe format for storing sound in files developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM. Support for WAV files was built into Windows 95 making it the de facto standard for sound on PCs.MIDIPronounced middy, an acronym for musical instrument digital interface, a standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, that emit music. At minimum, a MIDI representation of a sound includes values for the note's pitch, length, and volume. It can also include additional characteristics, such as attack and delay time. Graphics (p.138) We have studied bitmapped and vector graphics at GCSE read p.138-139 for completeness. Bit mapping  HYPERLINK "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bit_map.html" http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bit_map.html A representation, consisting of rows and columns of dots, of a graphics image in computer memory. The value of each dot (whether it is filled in or not) is stored in one or more bits of data. For simple monochrome images, one bit is sufficient to represent each dot, but for colors and shades of gray, each dot requires more than one bit of data. The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented. The density of the dots, known as the resolution, determines how sharply the image is represented. This is often expressed in dots per inch (dpi ) or simply by the number of rows and columns, such as 640 by 480. To display a bit-mapped image on a monitor or to print it on a printer, the computer translates the bit map into pixels (for display screens) or ink dots (for printers). Optical scanners and fax machines work by transforming text or pictures on paper into bit maps. Vector Graphics  HYPERLINK "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/vector_graphics.html" http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/vector_graphics.html Programs that enable you to create and manipulate vector graphics are called draw programs, whereas programs that manipulated bit-mapped images are called paint programs. Vector-oriented images are more flexible than bit maps because they can be resized and stretched. In addition, images stored as vectors look better on devices (monitors and printers) with higher resolution, whereas bit-mapped images always appear the same regardless of a device's resolution. Another advantage of vector graphics is that representations of images often require less memory than bit-mapped images do. Almost all sophisticated graphics systems, including CADD systems and animation software, use vector graphics. In addition, many printers (PostScript printers, for example) use vector graphics. Graphic Formats HYPERLINK "http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/JPG_GIF_PNG.asp" http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/JPG_GIF_PNG.aspJPEGJPG is one of the image file formats supported on the Web. JPG is a lossy compression technique that is designed to compress color and grayscale continuous-tone images. The information that is discarded in the compression is information that the human eye cannot detect. JPG images support 16 million colors and are best suited for photographs and complex graphics.GIFShort for Graphics Interchange Format, another of the graphics formats supported by the Web. Unlike JPG, the GIF format is a lossless compression technique and it supports only 256 colors.PNGPNG was developed as a patent-free answer to the GIF format but is also an improvement on the GIF technique. An image in a lossless PNG file can be 5%-25% more compressed than a GIF file of the same image. PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 1998.4 (4 Marks) A computer system can be described as being pseudo real-time system. a) Clearly state what is meant by pseudo real-time (2) b) Give a situation where pseudo real-time is essential, stating a reason why it is needed (2) (a) A system that accepts transactions from outside sources (1) and processes it before the next transaction is accepted (1). (b) Relevant example, such as, a theatre booking system (1) and related advantage i.e. to prevent double booking of seats (1). 1999.9 (10 marks) A nationwide chain of retail clothing stores processes its daily sales transactions using a batch system based on a mainframe computer at a central location. Outline the flow of data through such a batch processing system. (6) The company is considering a change from the batch system to an interactive system. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of moving to an interactive system. (4) (a) Remote Data Entry [1] Data input off-line [1] Transactions collected as batches [1] Transactions sent / transmitted to central location [1] Batch /Control totals [1] Verification of transactions [1] Validation before processing [1] Concept of a sorted [1] transaction file [1] used to update a master file [1] Processing cannot begin until all the data is collected or at regular intervals eg weekly [1] Note: The most desirable answer would be a flowchart. Flow is required in the question and a candidate will only fail to gain credit if the sequence is clearly inappropriate. (b) Transactions processed as they occur [1] Immediate update of transactions [1] Updates available to all users of the system [1] Increased security risk [1] Concept of pseudo real time [1] Additional costs in terms of physical resources e.g. hardware [1] Staff may require new skills / additional training [1] More complex backup [1] 2001.1 State two types of data, other than alphanumeric, that can be stored in a computer file. (2 marks) NB QUESTION IS STATE Date Sound Picture/video/bitmap/graphics/images Binary code/Program Boolean Real Numbers/integers/BCD/Numeric used for arithmetic/currency 2002.5 A large national bank updates customers' bank accounts overnight with deposits made during the previous day. Name an appropriate type of processing that the bank could use for this operation. (I mark) Give three features of this type of processing. (3 marks) a. Batch processing b. it can be run without intervention from the user Batchesof deposits/data will need to be collected/keyed in off line (1) then processed periodically(1) the processing/output is not time critical processing is done when the system is least used Records of deposits/data will not to be up to date at all times. (in fact it cannot be with current banking systems) Large volume of documents allof the same type Use of hash/control totals (to ensure integrity of data) Allow use of serial storage media e.g. magnetic tape January 2001.8 A college uses a computer-based batch processing system for keeping the students records. The students provide their details, or changes to their existing records, on pre-printed forms. The completed forms are collected into batches ready to update the master files. These occur every night at certain times of the year, and once a week at other times. (a) Explain what the term batch processing means. (3 marks) (b) (i) Give one advantage of batch processing to the college. (1 mark) (ii) Give two disadvantages of batch processing to the college. (2 marks) The college decides to install a transaction processing system with which student records are keyed in online by a clerk. (c) Explain what the term transaction processing means. (3 marks) 8 Topic 11.5 Manipulation and/or processing (a) all data is collected together over a set period of time/into batches of a set size to be processed in one computer run without any human intervention Large volume of documents all of the same type MAX 3 marks 3 (b) (I) processing can be done when computer system is quiet requires less staff requires less hardware i.e. interactive terminals MAX 1 mark 1 (b) (ii) run may fail/not all students details updated if forms are incorrectly completed/lost details may be out of date for up to a week error corrections may take further week MAX 2 marks 2 NB Allow reverse for (i) and (ii) but no repetition (c) Deals with each set of data as it is submitted Each transaction is completed Before the next is begun MAX 3 marks 3 January 2002.4. A mail order company is using an interactive, transaction processing system for its computerized telephone ordering system. Explain what is meant by the terms interactive processing and transaction processing. (4 marks) Interactive processing: Dialogue between user and system System responds to each input straight away Transaction Processing Each item of data is dealt with as it is submitted Each transaction is completed Before the next is begun June 2003.3 (4 marks) Name the mode of processing that would be suitable for each of the following ICT systems: monthly payroll controlling a chemical process cinema ticket booking ICT2 (AS Module 2) TOPIC 11.5 MANIPULATION AND/OR PROCESSING Page  PAGE 1 of  NUMPAGES 7 Y~.[ $ = > ? S \7LGޭޝޑވehrjB*CJUphjk3: CJUVmHnHujB*CJUph5CJOJQJ CJOJQJ5B*CJph6B*CJOJQJph B*CJph56CJOJQJmH sH 6CJOJQJmH sH 3)>Z~#$d%d&d'dNOPQ & F & F & F#$d%d&d'dNOPQ & FF<<.q :  $ < % < = ? U \ & Fh^h & F S/l7N.F$If & Fh^h#$d%d&d'dNOPQFGDEFopqt$Ifk$$Ifl06 064 la@A]k$$Ifl0  064 la$If & F 9r #$d%d&d'dNOPQ &/~  KU!?C[s{  9:pqrٽٽٽٽٽलjmCJUmH sH 0JCJmH sH j0CJUmH sH jCJUmH sH >*B* CJph36B*CJph56B*CJph B*CJph CJmH sH 5CJmH sH  5CJehmH rsH 6ABC[,9$Ifk$$Ifl0  064 la ',BKPSz>AR !#LSW[bjtϽϳ֫֝ϖϖϖϖϖϖϖ B* CJph3j CJUmH sH 5CJmH sH 56B*CJph6B*CJph>*B* CJph3 B*CJph CJmH sH 0JCJmH sH jCJUmH sH jCJUmH sH ;>?@AR"#$Ifk$$Ifl0$ 064 la  aptu * 0 6 E c s x !!!M!N!P!!!!!s"y"""""""""|##########+$5$b$f$v$w$$ؿͶدͯ CJmH sH 0JCJmH sH j!CJUmH sH jCJUmH sH  CJmH sH 6B*CJph6B* CJph3 B* CJph3 B*CJphB# O!P!!!##b$e$f$v$ %$If#$d%d&d'dNOPQ$$$ % % %%U%f%~&&&&&&&&&''@'F'(((3(4(E(")!*"*4*++2-5-X-.Y/Z/`////k0l0ȿȵȿȣȣȠȣȘϘϐυ}v CJOJQJ5CJOJQJB*CJmH phsH 6CJmH sH 5CJmH sH CJ5B*CJph6B*CJph56B*CJph>*B* CJph3 B*CJph CJmH sH  CJmH sH 0JCJmH sH jCJUmH sH j#CJUmH sH - % %%&&&A'B'F'((((L$Ifk$$Ifl0{ 064 la (3(4(E((("))!*"*4**+++~~ & F#$d%d&d'dNOPQ+0$d%d&d'dNOPQ^`0^#$d%d&d'dNOPQ++,P,j,,,,X-.4.Y.... /A/Y/Z/// 9r #$d%d&d'dNOPQ/// 0"0+0k0l00>1x1111 2)2T222(3#$d%d&d'dNOPQ & F 9r ' & F $d%d&d'dNOPQl0s0C1H1x13333#545;5E5R5V5555555k66666999:::;;;F<Y<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<ººººººɺº­ѫ5CJmHnHuj5CJU5CJ5B*CJph55B*CJmH phsH 6CJmH sH  CJmH sH 5CJmH sH B*CJmH phsH  B*CJph6B*CJphCJOJPJQJ5CJOJPJQJ5(3a3333 5E555Q6666667B7c77)$d%d&d'd1$7$8$H$NOPQ1$7$8$H$ 9r ' & F $d%d&d'dNOPQ77777+888A888883979h99999:::: ;1$7$8$H$ 9r )$d%d&d'd1$7$8$H$NOPQ ; ;U;u;;;;<<0<F<<<<us#$d%d&d'dNOPQ#$d%d&d'dNOPQ  & F 9r  9r 1$7$8$H$)$d%d&d'd1$7$8$H$NOPQ <<<<<  & F 9r $a$0 |. A!"#$%DdT H  c $A? 2C;1\DX`!TC;1rдM,nxڕX{lEkKK㡀zHZRCDzQ^4@g!D8lP$T|0Ơ)HK0i4&&}5ofvvvfvfwDC/@Ǣy~BRybxFV&e(Ȟ!WOlGOTu(#:2 9s@o`^oɠi5mT,ɓuQ]AlTl:D 2x n7fpV2>Ne9pb߻p n\E$.r%-Ab\'?Ds`s6ctUf =s8_8  xrq *pxGc $dp17DzcA>p+C5sU ]vQYf`?K\H\2AR)ՁZ$9b(#:|.KH/\6iQ\*| (fQc ݢ ƉWpgwA ^2hqa+C ݆0b/6!D1R;\+ޤ1bmw+v@ߝy'#yC|%m~3"bMAο=cGBte85;Ca+äj+6ܯ0Lל;j5wji롾^qp+j\zE;=##ltj<;y nepS'nAg3X>dEvi͚!Hl/ytSѭ+uWA:TIS$qq'ijNU"I."F& 3j&ibB$-ѼR©v!Lq)u,pz Մ_ge]~hOP3̄v&.9b.W^,KF {4&.nHJ;3E9]R2')W*6{RݧF)tk)7EndK)R 5ʒQ!NªsKѫo/ݩa/K*@:U?rZ!x1GlMR@8xC veO>iԧ=Qra}8SwÚ[ ~A 9fWG %E#1[]FTbLK J*QGs5 f \ϴ5LK _.]QbACKsQ*0b>Aޣ}*i^>zTmq5 5}O}C4?St[ɐz9UwC$Kk:d4дM,xZ TՙOw3# (rEtg}ow[d#MO32/gzx)q\2!h[%.֚I6jcd5&wfݭT|ϹX_4-Dy;q;E+]CT\b4a 7穦Iܯɫ? +뷀5t_M tC3(E =bTOh"C[(H7}\k+d:R7!:XD`Šr/꾳[AUD9ՃnLhC5}nv'j {zӝ>a#[Ҟ7Jn=j[(0YCZ0MXϏ K#ʂ3.,3F<!y,@'= 8{XZ0Si ,%,F)W  4|t)~6Y%_KY!Ȼ]2~ 7>&YӜͽC6wf9*n=ʚJVPx[bE:V[N7򑞲HU9эk6Gw^ޚ\aBpw8ʼ}U-VԬZjEڡլO`}Z84m]*BՒV9Mㅔs@vq뾋49=חds|~Xg|{jk7Ek=Vf{jlо"9Wje?\2ﴴ']m0 %KT/Vs}T.S[nl*ș-׎pjn- eȮ ۉ[xس?,x6ѝi=oI1 cn:ݙ\ڔn+߅]=[}Ks{C`t~jLI_}t7-/+tbK=:Qзq)pBѳ"G 5LkM1b>XԏE u7~hXg4 "XWz%7mϐ}F븎َa`av:p܀y9r0k" (X19|_bb. af?kؼLO3[[;{3*lobI)f`͟nYwB{_?xYkmy.{'$HRx<3f޷ur~O߀ LװX6  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345689:;<=>rAWCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST~}YZ[\]^_`acdefghiklmnopqstuvwxyz{|Root Entry  FR1VData 7$WordDocument !lObjectPool1R1_988951403 F111TableBZ$CompObjXObjInfo i4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph Font+3@N]kz$6C   !"#$%&5+3@N]kz$69    C @VCCCBl56,B$>[ T^ӾD&@45(  @e B  3 1 B  3 1B  3 1r  6 r  6 r  6 r   6 N@ ##%$     rBCDEFOO @`*#%$HB  B # 1###T !70 4#" ~   63&7N( N  3 1}!_!<%N  3 1 o" $T  C 1(%4 %  BClDEF1'''(*cXXD{0D.D2DXl l5lqD]!iAz>5qw']I!; OOV;;OOP@#!O(%N  3 1*!.$N  3 1L3!5$N  3 13!5<%N  3 1d4o"/6%N2  3 1+B'-'8  BCDEPFX1(d(<S<(jP~?~?P<),@+'-J*~  6&!&( ~  6'1") ~  6("* ~  6 $&(&(  ~  6 $'()  ~  6 $(E(*  ~  6 $y)'*  ~  6 $h*(+  ~   6$W+*&, ~ ! 6+"-.$ ~ " 6,k+F4, ~ # 6,Z, 4- ~ $ 6,I- 4. ~ % 6,8. 4/ ~ & 6,'//0 ZL !##%$ )!##%$ ' rBCDEFOO @`"##%$HB (B # 1!#f##ZL '"V*r# ,'"V*r# * rBCDEFPP @`z)"V*r#HB +B # 1'"#*##ZL S/"2r# /S/"2r# - rBCDEFPP @`1"2r#HB .B # 1S/"#2##L 5,u$,& 35,u$,& 0 rBCDEFOO @`5,%,& 1 rBCDEFOO @`5,u$,P%HB 2 # 1,$,g&r 5 6 B S  ? C4$Ft 1* t5Ee t n7Pt1;  t1L  t1] t t+ltWMt )D %(,KPY] ,-D@)Cp @GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial;Helvetica3Times qhuu!20J ReganJ Regan  " FMicrosoft Word PictureNB6WWord.Picture.8Oh+'0 8 DP l x  EAt the end of this section you should be able to answer questions onet tIT DepartmentthObjectPool 11WordDocumentXSummaryInformation( bDocumentSummaryInformation8j3 Cjbjb^^ h<h< 7l  &  ,! $F 0 u @    Ε Z$ Z$  Group source documents into batches Output Terminal - input batch into computer Transaction File - store data from batch in transaction file CPU Process entire batch as a group. Output and data stored in the system are updated with each batch Processin g Batch Processing   &(46<>IKWYfhtv -/?C5B*OJPJQJmH phB*PJmH ph jUmH, '(56=>JKXYghuv '(56=>JKXYghuv ,./@B, ,./@ABCN N!"#O$P% Oh+'0P    $08@H'ososJ Regan ReNormalJ Regan2ReMicrosoft Word 9.0d@@Ar @Fer  ՜.+,0 hp  'North Chadderton School  Title]767Rlэ,Y~j +neD %1eہ9B-xl, h[mU1A;з@7>͂9+:@whjͦt't~E{ nx+Nw{+dpڋB[4Ȭt6p:[î}ӧ~AO/$<9ƶ W `3F,a/3`7_N6`~}Q)̲:xwܸK輶%nsGǰUrmfׇE`kFlΛbmbc\-n܌./1GǍ\<'Dt^Eq CD~ܾafx1=76:&bC!X8a]#I$ \] Œ>NDAPKb:Y_Wܷaws| uT:Q*jESfyXܭѻTO%ZUKST>ӹQgܨ&Е5~ISF䟈+,wNWmǤMpWIh$P85o٭SuA-:u2tGt>s1uN~߽o}ߢGG=x˨sRgMmzTF?o,c{7UǷꧦ|UC2dZA췍gSv]74ooW,ȫ`.kG$2k`ά!dO8$eEf g;ߔ6VWy-X&v˒c*_EMQ0崌q"sBY,ZYfaY"s^!/_0eˡ@.|oN:xԘ9")=8 㪯d,4bѳg]qJX!F|Z|Ռ^T1%t,c29U֙"y/<,yeFG`NFĉҾg 13wŊ7F8LiXBl5O_bvIɿW7y=_$G*?cg70Yb̰x<_M#~^b>b3#%uCLK􈪶USCak[]p ֭7k*vP˄& @!_j;dW kl_ցߑ|PT62r% KLJ`bYE&pRB%_ג<"-cN,N6xG9'+iC{h2yqk$%<*2#Y)/S$U$y\zzq ) * ې0_R>ſ}*|qZjt2 S gq 9(-x[Y`0`mL>1k?ֻ{y;}k3w|޾y!7nA绅,`-q}y|wu~6%?,|O(]^ay%5ݖ?)g>(p6U{wUGͿ)..n:}l9ft}:r3"\^8Oxҿ?f@o^'dF99)N\IjNY6y6P*7ywXOl29S?&GPeK :>sOoWVuʂ_޳zюɊRmڍJ߽#V+.-׺s ?CCr]lHmtot@rA-1Qw-.#I---5o/VGb7 miZC-uZh vVZY]!łx[bЅxWXg@:u˟S-ZЃn@_x8VVC6qw ~]jfFtmGEDu5+3[3l:EA3VǧjҀaKy^QFa!by=IzQh@sZQ8b7a=b5">&טjU~7"rkµmr7<>UJ@`XňV5e|n' 2,fDd<  C AB+Ј{ N` TX+Ј{ No@PG+&xUKQk僩A&!Õ]w H"ŠY"#ע hTP.ZDFhם~g8^=3||99ߔ0'rX xP!XWWaU~?S$Q)O[ݨ'n՗BVu.A0J17Q\[J^3Wm} mQx=h`ԊB%v2udMMbzš^ű]GVH˟@.b -iS+Y"^B*Pzh ^)Zl!d"eeZ'tD_73^sBB㲘>n/ŀkG#(Z l¢#_?Nby̎ލD0E~ coR;'x@^YO3r/ɽ!'?K,#nnV7*Io}nEg+zIׯ춲YSŗ[泖ʘͦesh4֤s3C9%eyF->i0.ι%/;uthq[W>'LܔrL'\S,1$5;C+-T3e7el7f*/́~)u6+P z 9\͸T2qs #~wr;pzm$ IҊWtEl(gW>}FJC^!$0q5~n}2DS sf6tI˖a4kgZ\Utdl=DyK 2http://computer.howstuffworks.com/sound-card3.htmyK dhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/sound-card3.htmDyK )http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAV.htmlyK Rhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAV.htmlDyK *http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.htmlyK Thttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.html)DyK -http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bit_map.htmlyK Zhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bit_map.htmlIDyK 5http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/vector_graphics.htmlyK jhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/vector_graphics.html}DyK Bhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/JPG_GIF_PNG.aspyK http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/JPG_GIF_PNG.asp1Table9SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8 PCompObj!jT D11.5 Manipulation.dotti D525Microsoft Word 9.0o@@Vka7@c@c#f.՜.+,D՜.+,t0 hp  Schoolb8 EAt the end of this section you should be able to answer questions on Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSA$Bhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2002/JPG_GIF_PNG.asp~5http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/vector_graphics.html\" -http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bit_map.htmlF *http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.htmlC)http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WAV.htmlM 2http://computer.howstuffworks.com/sound-card3.htm  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q i@@@ Normal CJOJQJ_HkH'mH sH tH HH Heading 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJB@B Heading 2$<@&56OJQJH@H Heading 3$@&5CJehmH sH tH u<@< Heading 4$@&5B*CJph@ Heading 5L$$d%d&d'd@&NOPQ5B*CJph<A@< Default Paragraph Font,@, Header  9r , @, Footer  9r &)@& Page Number6B@"6 Body Textx OJPJQJ6P@26 Body Text 2 B*OJQJ8Z@B8 Plain TextCJOJPJQJ(U@Q( Hyperlink>*B*8V@a8 FollowedHyperlink>*B* 8l)>Z~.q: $< % < = ? U \  S / l 7N.FGDEFopq@ABC[,9>?@AR"#OPb e f !"""A#B#F#$$$$3$4$E$$$"%%!&"&4&&''''(P(j((((X)*4*Y**** +A+Y+Z+++++ ,",+,k,l,,>-x---- .).T...(/a//// 1E111Q2222223B3c333333+484A444443575h555556666 7 7U7u77778808F888888               8                                    H (                       0@0@0@0@0 0??bbbe$l0<&(*,1FA# %(+/(37 ;<< "#$%')+-./02345<! 9q Mv !8:XXXXXXDKMR]_e! _988951316 _988951357 _988951592 _Hlt4545915968@@@@8E8F88888868 m | w#pu-- ..).,.T.^...J1K1!2O22222223 3D3K3e3j3333334=4?4C4F444444555j5n555L66"7&7W7[7w7}7888808E8F88888833333333333333333333333333333333333333s~% = ? 08E8F888888North Chadderton School1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A_438North Chadderton School1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A_438North Chadderton School1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A_438North Chadderton School:Shared IT Folder:A-Level:ICT2:11.5 Manipulation/ProcessingNorth Chadderton School2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A_4062North Chadderton School:Shared IT Folder:A-Level:ICT2:11.5 Manipulation/ProcessingNorth Chadderton School:Shared IT Folder:A-Level:ICT2:11.5 Manipulation/ProcessingNorth Chadderton School:Shared IT Folder:A-Level:ICT2:11.5 Manipulation/ProcessingJ Regan:Shared IT Folder:A-Level:ICT2:11.5 Manipulation/Processing D@H:\learnict05\as_a2\topics\data_processing\11.5 Manipulation.dot  S d`|El vbFDfphֈh8p^*hh^h`B*CJOJQJo(hh^h`B*CJOJQJo(hh^h`B*CJOJQJo(hh^h`B*CJOJQJo(@ ^`OJQJo( hh^h`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o pp^p`OJQJo( @ @ ^@ `OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o PP^P`OJQJo(^`o(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L. hh^h`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o pp^p`OJQJo( @ @ ^@ `OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o PP^P`OJQJo(^`o(() ^`OJQJo(pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L. hh^h`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o pp^p`OJQJo( @ @ ^@ `OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo( ^`OJQJo(o PP^P`OJQJo( `4, fphbF`|ES h8pl4, @h 8^8`OJQJo( .FGDEFopqAB ,9>?Rf v ! !!"""A#B#F#$$$'/78@,8`@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial3z Times;"Helvetica?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"1hr"r"]v#f.b!0d85;&f 2qDAt the end of this section you should be able to answer questions on IT Department D